GFCI outlets
GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet is an electrical wiring device that disconnects a circuit whenever it detects that the electric current is not balanced between the energized conductor and the return neutral conductor (a circuit conductor that carries current in normal operation, which is connected to ground or earth). Such an imbalance may indicate current leakage through the body of a person who is grounded and accidentally touching the energized part of the circuit. A lethal shock can result from these conditions.
GFCI outlets are designed to disconnect quickly enough to prevent injury caused by such shocks. They are not intended to provide protection against over-current (overload) or all short-circuit conditions (an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered).
A single receptacle, also called a single outlet or single electrical socket, is one which receives only one electrical plug. Single receptacles are often placed in commercial and industrial settings where heavy machinery and equipment is used; or common in residential construction where major appliances, such as refrigerators, stoves, etc are installed.
Most single receptacles accept plugs with larger prongs, include a hole for the ground wire, and may include a locking mechanism that prevents machinery from being accidentally unplugged, which ensures circuit exclusivity. The overall size of the receptacle may be larger than a standard receptacle in order to accommodate appliance and heavy machinery plugs. A single receptacle is usually round and requires a special wall-plate when flush-mounted in a wall.
Another benefit of single receptacles is that the receptacle itself can be wired for more amperage, therefore supply greater power since they are more substantial, and no other item plugs into the same receptacle.
In common cases surges caused by downed power lines, sudden changes in electricity use by a nearby factory, or even the cycling on and off of laser printers, electric dryers, air conditioners, refrigerators, and other energy-sucking devices in the home. Surge protected outlets block lower level surges that are damaging to sensitive electronics such as TVs, computers and smart appliances. They are available for 15/20 Amp, 120 Volts applications, in different form such as in single, duplex, four-in-one, and 6 outlet configuration.These devices provide point-of-use protection and are the last line of defense in a whole house surge protection network.
Tamper resistant outlets
Starting with the 2008 National Electrical Code listed tamper-resistant outlets that address electric shock hazards to children must now be installed in almost all areas of new or renovated dwellings. The new receptacles are expected to reduce the number of electric shocks to children because inserting a normal, two-prong electrical plug applies pressure on both sides of the outlet to open an internal, spring-loaded shutter, but a foreign object fails to do so and therefore does not make contact with the live electrical contacts. However, the device can still be defeated by inserting two objects simultaneously.